Middle East crisis disrupts global trade, South Africa copes

The ongoing Middle East crisis has caused widespread disruptions in global trade routes, with key chokepoints like the Strait of Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb becoming increasingly unreliable. Vessel-tracking data reveal how shipowners are adapting to these new conditions, extending beyond oil to affect general cargo such as containers, machinery, food, vehicles, refrigerated goods, and dangerous materials.

Chokepoint Challenges

The conflict in the Middle East has seen shipping companies adjust their routes to avoid or navigate through the potentially hazardous areas. According to Africa PORTS & SHIPS, despite the Strait of Hormuz not being formally closed, commercial shipping is finding it increasingly difficult to rely on its traditional transit points due to ongoing confrontations between the United States, Israel, and Iran.

Similarly, the Bab el-Mandeb strait, though less scrutinized in the current news cycle, remains a critical route. Vessels are now routing around these areas, sometimes opting for longer but safer routes such as the Cape of Good Hope, which has seen increased traffic flow. This shift is causing broader logistical issues affecting various cargo types.

Impact on General Cargo

The crisis extends beyond oil to impact a wide range of cargo types, including containers and project cargo. For instance, Maersk’s current arrangements highlight the complexity in route planning, as they attempt to balance the risks associated with these chokepoints while maintaining operational efficiency.

According to Africa PORTS & SHIPS, container shipping is one of the sectors most affected by these disruptions, with vessel tracking data showing rerouting and delays. The crisis has also impacted other cargo types such as machinery, food, vehicles, refrigerated goods, and dangerous goods.

South African Ports in Focus

In South Africa, the Durban Gateway Terminal (DGT) is facing operational challenges but is taking steps to improve efficiency. The terminal began implementing a series of short- and longer-term measures following a meeting with freight and logistics stakeholders. While progress is reported by organizations like SAFLA and RFA, significant challenges remain.

DGT has been at the center of efforts to restore operational efficiency, despite facing ongoing issues. Recent developments include the commitment by Bidvest to invest R1.6 billion in the construction of a second LPG terminal at Richards Bay, which is part of the broader strategy to diversify South African port infrastructure.

Additionally, Transnet returned to profitability in its financial year ended 31 March 2026, reporting a R4.6 billion profit compared with a R1.9 billion loss a year earlier. This improvement was driven by higher rail and pipeline volumes and the disposal of a 49.999% stake in DGT to International Container Terminal Services Inc (ICTSI).

Infrastructure Improvements

The Beira-Feruka fuel pipeline is set for expansion, with its capacity increasing from three million cubic meters to five million cubic meters annually by the end of 2027. This investment underscores the importance of infrastructure in supporting regional trade and energy security.

Furthermore, Maputo Port has added two Liebherr LHM 550 cranes as cargo growth accelerates, indicating the growing demands on port facilities to handle increased volumes of goods.

What this means for operators

The operational challenges posed by the Middle East crisis require ship operators to adopt new strategies. This includes rerouting vessels around more dangerous areas, engaging in risk assessment and management, and diversifying supply chains to mitigate potential disruptions. These changes will impact not only oil tankers but also container ships, bulk carriers, and other cargo types, necessitating a reevaluation of current routes and logistics plans.